1 | Latin American Research Review 拉丁美洲研究评论

院校资讯君

Latin American Research Review
Volume 58 Issue 4
拉丁美洲研究评论 第58卷第4期
本期目录
1.
Beyond the Gonzalo Mystique: Challenges to Abimael Guzmán’s leadership inside Peru’s Shining Path, 1982–1992
超越贡萨罗神秘主义：对阿维马埃尔?古兹曼在1982-1992年秘鲁“光辉道路”内部领导地位的挑战
2.
Military intimacies: Peruvian veterans and narratives about sex and violence
军中密事：秘鲁退伍军人和对性与暴力的叙述
3.
Breaking the televisual consensus in Chile: Popular subjectivity and popular revolt in the TV series El reemplazante
打破智利的电视形象共识：电视剧《El reemplazante》中的民众主体性与民众反抗
4.
The fall of virtuous men: Mexican Film Noir, and the crisis of values in the postrevolutionary state, 1950–1959
高尚之人的堕落：1950-1959年间的墨西哥黑色电影与后革命国家的价值观危机
5.
Staying power: Strategies for weathering criminal violence in marginal neighborhoods of Medellín and Monterrey
保持权力：麦德林和蒙特雷边缘社区抵御暴力犯罪的策略
6.
Institutional development in main Colombian cities: What is its relation to subjective poverty?
哥伦比亚主要城市的制度发展：它与主观贫困感受有何关系？
7.
Fear of labor rigidities: The role of expectations on employment growth in Peru
对劳动力市场僵化的恐惧：对秘鲁就业增长的期望的作用
8.
Evidence of diversification and leverage in the performance of Brazilian and Mexican family businesses
巴西和墨西哥家族企业业绩多元化和杠杆作用的实证研究
9.
Determinantes de la eficiencia del gasto público sanitario en Latinoamérica: Una evaluación de frontera estocástica
拉丁美洲公共卫生服务效率的决定因素：对边境地区的评估
10.
Indigenous and popular struggle for Realist Utopias in Bolivia and Ecuador
玻利维亚和厄瓜多尔土著和民众为现实主义乌托邦而斗争
11.
War, revolution, and failed democratization in Bolivia and Ecuador
玻利维亚和厄瓜多尔的战争、革命和失败的民主化
12.
The US-Mexico war, la frontera, and their afterlives
美墨战争、边境及其余波
13.
From Mesoamerican history to the history of Mexican archaeology
从中美洲历史到墨西哥考古学史
部分文章摘要
01
Institutional development in main Colombian cities: What is its relation to subjective poverty?
Abstract: Since a peace treaty in 2016, Colombia has faced a significant challenge to reduce poverty and strengthen its institutions. A few studies have analyzed the relationship between institutions and subjective poverty, but none has demonstrated this influence in the Colombian context at a municipal level. This article estimated a logit regression including a cluster effect to evidence the influence of municipal institutions over perceptions of poverty by the inhabitants of twelve main cities in Colombia in 2016. Findings include that having a better rule of law and fiscal performance, reducing political fragmentation to have better governance, guaranteeing property rights, fostering the benefits of metropolitan areas, and improving citizen participation reduce the probability of feeling poor.

摘要：自2016年签署和平条约以来，哥伦比亚面临着降低贫困和加强制度建设的重大挑战。有几项研究分析了制度建设与主观贫困感受之间的关系，但尚无研究从哥伦比亚的主要城市发展角度证明这种影响。本文通过逻辑回归分析，以证明2016年哥伦比亚12个主要城市的制度建设对居民主观贫困感受的影响。研究结果表明，政府拥有更好的法治和财政制度、减少政治分裂以实现更好的治理、更好地保障财产权、促进公民利益以及提高公民对制度建设的参与，该等因素都会降低居民的主观贫困感受。
02
Fear of labor rigidities: The role of expectations on employment growth in Peru
Abstract：The impact of employment protection legislation has been thoroughly analyzed in varied contexts. Most studies highlight the potential harm of the legislation on labor outcomes, although evidence remains inconclusive. However, the literature has focused primarily on ex post impacts, analyzing the regulation’s effect after implementation. This article departs from that analysis to focus on anticipated or ex ante effects of labor regulation. More specifically, we study the role of firms’ expectations in future stricter labor legislation related to employment and income in Peru’s formal and informal labor market. To account for expectations, we used the number of news items related to the approval of a proposed law—the General Labor Law—to increase labor rigidities in Lima’s most important business newspaper. Using the Peruvian labor survey, we find a negative but decreasing relationship between firms’ expectations of a future stricter labor market and employment and average income. We also collect evidence that bigger news items and ones closer to the front page have a negative relationship with formal employment and income.

摘要：已有诸多研究从不同角度对就业保护立法的影响进行了分析，尽管证据尚不充分，但大多研究均强调了立法对劳动成果的潜在危害。然而，研究主要侧重于事后影响，分析法规实施后的效果。本文不同于前述分析，重点关注劳动立法的预期或事前影响。更具体地说，本文研究了企业预期在更严格的劳动立法中的作用，而该等劳动立法与秘鲁正规和非正规劳动力市场的就业和收入息息相关。为了考虑预期因素，本文使用了利马最重要的商业报纸上与拟议法律（《普通劳动法》）的批准相关的新闻条目数量来增加劳动力市场僵化度。通过秘鲁劳动力调查，本文发现企业对未来更严格的劳动力市场的预期与就业、平均收入之间呈现负相关，且关系递减。本文进一步通过证据表明，较大的新闻条目和靠近头版的新闻条目与正规就业和收入之间呈现负相关。
03
Evidence of diversification and leverage in the performance of Brazilian and Mexican family businesses
Abstract: This study identifies evidence of the influence of diversification and leverage on the financial performance of Brazilian and Mexican family businesses. It analyzes 102 Brazilian and 71 Mexican publicly traded family companies. Data analysis uses ordinary least squares regression in Stata. The results indicate that Brazilian family businesses have a higher return on assets when diversifying their products or services. When diversifying international markets, Brazilian companies present a lower return on assets and return on equity. For Mexican companies, international diversification derives a higher return on assets and return on equity. In addition, results show that leverage moderates the relationship between diversification and performance both for Brazilian and Mexican family businesses. The study contributes to the current literature by investigating that diversification improves business performance and that leverage is a significant element in intensifying the benefits of this strategy in the performance of family businesses. The study also emphasizes that diversification can be useful to address market difficulties and imperfections in unstable scenarios, such as when it is targeted to planned performance and considers financial conservatism in family companies.

摘要：本研究表明多样化和杠杆作用对巴西和墨西哥家族企业业绩的影响。研究分析了102家巴西上市家族企业和71家墨西哥上市家族企业。数据分析使用Stata中的普通最小二乘法回归方法。结果表明，巴西家族企业在实现产品或服务多元化时，资产回报率较高；在实现国际市场多元化时，资产回报率和股本回报率较低。对墨西哥公司而言，国际市场多元化却带来了更高的资产回报率和股本回报率。此外，研究结果表明，杠杆作用可以调节巴西和墨西哥家族企业的多元化和企业业绩之间的关系。本研究表明企业多元化能提高企业业绩，而杠杆作用是强化该战略在家族企业业绩的重要因素，这为当前的研究做出贡献。本研究还表明，在不稳定的情况下，企业多元化有助于解决市场困难和企业不完善之处，例如当多元化以计划绩效为目标并考虑到家族企业的财务保守主义情况时。

整理 | 寇韵楳
排版 | 刘逸颖
审核 | 寇韵楳、薛榆淞



北京大学税法研究中心
Peking University
Center for Tax Law


长按二维码关注我们