3 | Israel Law Review 以色列法律评论

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Israel Law Review
Volume 56 Issue 3
以色列法律评论 第56卷第3期
本期目录
1.
Judicial reform or abusive Constitutionalism in Israel
以色列的司法变革：是改革还是滥用宪政？
2.
The two revolutions of Israel s national identity
以色列国家身份认同的两次革命
3.
Politics in legal disguise
披着法律外衣的政治
4.
Releasing the government from acting reasonably; or, the government says goodbye to reasonableness
政府不合理履责，或是摒弃合理性标准
5.
Constitutionalising Israel s constitutional system
以色列宪政制度的宪法化
6.
The long hand of anti-corruption: Israeli judicial reform in comparative perspective
反腐败的延伸：比较视角下的以色列司法改革
7.
The ‘constitutional reform’ and the occupation
宪法改革与约旦河西岸的控制政策
8.
The constitutional overhaul and the west bank: Is israel s constitutional moment occupied?
宪法改革与约旦河西岸：以色列的“宪法时刻”被占据了吗？
9.
Is there a ‘constitutional moment’ in Israel and Hungary?
以色列和匈牙利是否存在“宪法时刻”
10.
Reforming the Israeli high court of justice: Proposed versus desirable
以色列高等法院的改革：建议与展望
11.
The attempt to capture the courts in Israel
以色列政府试图俘获法院
12.
Reflections on constitutional adjudication in a democracy
对民主国家宪法裁决的思考
13.
An overview of Israel s ‘Judicial Overhaul’: Small parts of a big Populist picture
以色列司法改革概述：民粹主义宏伟蓝图下的局部
14.
Populist constitutionalism and the judicial overhaul in Israel
以色列的民粹宪政与司法改革
15.
Israel s constitutional moment
以色列的宪法时刻
部分文章摘要
01
The attempt to capture the courts in Israel
Abstract: A central element in the Israeli government s agenda to overhaul the judiciary, unveiled in January 2023, is its proposal to give it and its parliamentary coalition control over the selection and promotion of judges. This article shows that this proposal is an attempt to capture the courts. To illustrate this, the article looks at the government s proposal through three different perspectives: first, the perspective of the rationale of the current system of judicial selection, against the background of court governance in Israel and its constitutional system; second, the perspective of changes in Israel s judicial selection system over the past two decades; third, the comparative perspective of trends in judicial selection in other democracies.

摘要：2023年1月，以色列政府公布了全面改革司法机构的议程，其中一项核心内容是：建议赋予政府及其议会联盟对法官遴选和晋升的控制权。本文认为，该提案试图俘获法院。本文从三个不同的角度来审视政府的提案：第一，从以色列法院治理及其宪法制度的背景来看现行司法遴选制度的合理性；第二，从过去二十年以色列司法遴选制度变化的角度；第三，从其他民主国家司法遴选趋势的比较角度。
02
Reflections on constitutional adjudication in a democracy
Abstract: This article examines the necessity for constitutional adjudication in a democracy. Democracy is not the government of the minority by the majority, but self-government of the people in a pluralist society. The article regards constitutional adjudication as a necessary component of a constitutional democracy to preserve self-government and individual rights as a pre-condition for the acceptance of majority decisions by the minority. Thus, constitutional adjudication is needed to uphold the possibility of democratic change and to protect individual rights also against the majority. Recent critique of individual decisions does not change this basic insight and practice of constitutional democracies.

摘要：本文探讨了民主社会中宪法裁决的必要性。民主不是少数服从多数，而是多元社会中的人民自治。本文认为，宪法裁决是宪政民主的必要组成部分，是少数人接受多数人决定的前提条件，以维护自治和个人权利。因此，需要宪法裁决来维护民主变革的可能性，并保护个人权利免受多数人的侵犯。近来对单独决策的批评并未改变宪政民主的这一基本观点和做法。
03
Israel s constitutional moment
Abstract: As the result of the initiation of the ‘judicial reform’ in January 2023, and the huge wave of public protest, Israel is currently undergoing a political turmoil which may develop into a fully fledged constitutional crisis. In this article I provide an account of the roots and causes of the present crisis from a public law theory perspective. In particular, I discuss the relationship between constitutional and administrative law in Israeli law. I argue that the core of Israel s constitutional structure has always been the institutions of administrative law as created and developed during the ‘administrative revolution’ of the 1980s. In contrast, Israel s constitutional law has always been a peripheral in the core structure of judicial review over the political branches. Contrary to common wisdom, I argue that the ‘constitutional revolution’ of the mid-1990s has not changed this core structure, but rather provided an external belt of normative barricades for this core structure. Accordingly, and despite the pretentious constitutional discourse developed in the 1990s by the Court, Israel was and still is a monistic democracy with no true constitutional layer of norms that enjoys higher status vis-à-vis regular legislation.

摘要：由于2023年1月启动的“司法改革”和巨大的公众抗议浪潮，以色列目前正处于政治动荡之中，这可能发展成为一场全面的宪法危机。本文从公法理论的角度阐述了当前危机的根源和起因，特别讨论了以色列宪法与行政法之间的关系。本文认为，以色列宪法结构的核心一直是20世纪80年代“行政革命”期间创立和发展起来的行政法机构，但以色列的宪法一直对该核心的外围（政治部门）进行司法审查。与通常观点相反，本文认为20世纪90年代中期的“宪法革命”没有改变这一核心结构，而是为这一核心结构提供了外部的规范屏障。因此，尽管法院在20世纪90年代提出了自命不凡的宪法论述，但以色列从过去到现在，始终是一个一元民主国家，没有真正的宪法规范享有高于常规立法的地位。
整理 | 刘逸颖
排版 | 刘逸颖
审核 | 寇韵楳、薛榆淞



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