2 | The Nigerian Juridical Review 尼日利亚法律评论

院校资讯君

The Nigerian Juridical Review
Volume 2022 Issue 1
尼日利亚法律评论 2022年第1期
本期目录
1.
Impact of the Public Procurement Act 2007 on the functions of governing councils of Federal Universities in Nigeria
2007年《公共采购法》对尼日利亚联邦大学管委会职能的影响
2.
Effects of COVID-19 on labour relations in Nigeria: Navigating through the murky waters by balancing contending interests
COVID-19对尼日利亚劳资关系的影响：基于竞争利益平衡的视角
3.
Examining the extent of the application of the United Nations Convention on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance in Nigeria
审查联合国《保护所有人免遭强迫失踪国际公约》在尼日利亚的适用范围
4.
Primary health care approach to achieving universal health coverage in Nigeria: Are extant legal and policy regimes adequate?
关于初级卫生保健的现有法律和政策能否帮助尼日利亚实现全民健康覆盖
5.
Protection of traditional knowledge and its relevance to national economic growth and development in Nigeria
传统知识保护与尼日利亚经济增长和国家发展的相关性
6.
Dysfunctional Nigerian insurance industry: Failure of law or regulation?
功能失调的尼日利亚保险业：法律或监管的失败？
7.
COVID-19 Crisis, wildlife trafficking and environmental governance in Nigeria
尼日利亚在COVID-19下的野生动植物贩运和环境治理危机
8.
Adopting the election petition model as a means of fast tracking justice delivery in the regular court system in Nigeria: Problems and prospects
引入选举诉讼模式能否作为尼日利亚普通法院快速实现司法公正的手段：问题与前景
9.
Contextualizing paediatric euthanasia within the framework of Children’s right
儿童权利框架内的安乐死分析
10.
Impact of climate change regime in maintaining internal security in Nigeria
应对气候变化规则对尼日利亚维护其内部安全的影响
部分文章摘要
01
Primary health care approach to achieving universal health coverage in Nigeria: Are extant legal and policy regimes adequate?
Abstract: The Declaration of Alma-Ata was quite categorical in projecting primary health care (PHC) as the key to attaining health for all or universal health coverage (UHC). PHC is not only the first level of interface between a patient and the health system, it is also the foundation of health systems and a crucial determinant of whether a health system is on a path to attaining UHC or otherwise. More recently, the World Health Assembly went a step further in not only affirming the link between PHC and UHC but also identifying a vital component of actualizing this goal, namely, social health insurance (SHI) system of health financing. In essence, to succeed in attaining UHC, countries must integrate PHC approach and SHI system into their national health architecture. This is critical given that for long, the capacity of PHC to deliver on its key mission, namely, improving efficiency in health care delivery, has been hampered by cost. Yet, cost challenges can be mitigated by adopting a SHI method of paying for health care. Nonetheless, whether extant legal and policy frameworks in Nigeria sufficiently address (if at all) this very crucial component of UHC is not at all clear – hence the significance of this paper.

摘要：《阿拉木图宣言》十分明确地指出，初级卫生保健（PHC）是实现全民健康覆盖（UHC)的关键，其不仅是患者与卫生系统之间的第一级接口，亦是卫生系统的基础，直接关乎着一国的卫生系统能否实现全民健康覆盖。最近，世界卫生大会不仅肯定了初级卫生保健与全民健康覆盖之间的联系，而且还确定了实现这一目标的一个重要组成部分，即基于社会健康保险制度（SHI）的卫生筹资体系。从本质上讲，若要成功实现全民健康覆盖，各国必须将初级卫生保健方法和初级卫生保健系统纳入其国家卫生架构。这一点至关重要，因为长期以来，初级保健中心提高保健服务效率的能力一直受到经济成本的限制，而通过SHI支付医疗保健费用则能减轻其成本压力。尽管如此，尼日利亚现有的法律和政策框架是否充分解决了这一问题目前仍不清楚，这也是本文所具有的重要意义。
02
Protection of traditional knowledge and its relevance to national economic growth and development in Nigeria
Abstract：Nigeria is a country that is richly blessed with abundance of natural resources, good vegetation and fertile soil for cultivation. The country also has diverse ethnic groups, culture and customs. This way of life of the people can be perceived in the activities, traditions and customs that have been handed down to them by their forefathers. Overtime, communities expanded and there was influx of people to the different communities in the country. These people become exposed to this way of life and they benefit from it individually and collectively. This information or knowledge acquired is generally utilized by others without the local or indigenous communities benefitting in any form from their cultural heritage. It is general knowledge that intellectual property protects the activities of the intellect or mental faculty. Could this traditional knowledge (TK) of the people require protection under intellectual property? Would it not be appropriate that these people are recognized as the custodians of the TK? Their consent sought before usage, and benefits arising thereof be given to them on prior agreed terms. This will further strengthen the economic system of the society. Doctrinal research method was used in this work, and reliance was placed on both primary and secondary source of information as the work discussed the need for protection of traditional knowledge (TK), the progress made so far and the challenges to providing proper legal and institutional framework for protection of TK.
摘要：尼日利亚不仅是一个自然资源丰富、植被茂盛、土壤肥沃的国家，且存在着种类繁多的少数民族、文化和习俗，而这些差异化的活动、传统与习俗导致了群体生活方式的多样性。随着时间的推移，土著社区的规模不断扩大且人员构成日益复杂，对多元生活方式的感知使得新加入的个人和集体都能从中受益，但土著社区却没有从其文化遗产中以任何形式受益。众所周知，知识产权旨在保护智力活动或精神活动。但值得思考的是，传统知识是否需要知识产权的保护？申言之，如果将这些土著居民理解为传统知识的保管人，在使用这些传统知识前难道不应该征求他们的同意并支付相应的对价吗？为进一步优化社会的经济体制，本研究选取了理论研究方法，旨在讨论保护传统知识的必要性和迄今为止所取得的进展，以及为保护传统知识提供适当的法律和制度框架所面临的挑战。
03
Impact of climate change regime in maintaining internal security in Nigeria
Abstract: Scientific and empirical data in the last three decades confirm the climate change phenomenon on human and natural systems. One of such impacts is drought which cause natural resource scarcity, hence agro-conflict in Nigeria. This Paper aims to examine the effectiveness of the climate change regime in maintaining internal security in Nigeria. The method adopted is the doctrinal approach which is based on both primary and `secondary sources of data collection. The primary source includes statutes while the secondary sources include text books, journal articles, internet materials and lecture notes. Findings reveal that although climate change does not fit into the mode of traditional threats to national security, such as war, terrorism and insurgency, its non-violent and gradual manifestation tend to disguise its impact on the civic, political and socio-economic lives of the citizenry. Findings further reveal that climate change polices and sustainable internal security is central and complimentary of each other, as a result, the Nigerian State must work towards both. As adoption, awareness and implementation of climate polices could reduce insecurity to modest levels in the country. Findings also reveal that the Nigerian State appears to have effective climate change regime to deal with security issues, but the problem boils down to enforcement of the regimes. This, in so many ways, has affected the capacity of the security agencies to maintain law and order in the country. It is recommended that solutions cannot be attained through force alone but by strict implementation of the Climate Agreements.

摘要：过去三十年的科学和经验数据证实了气候变化现象对人类和自然系统的影响，而干旱所导致的自然资源稀缺和尼日利亚农业冲突就是其中之一。基于此，本文旨在研究气候变化制度在尼日利亚维护其内部安全方面的有效性。在方法论层面，本研究采取基于一手数据收集和二手数据收集的理论研究方法。其中，一手数据主要是各项法规，二手数据则包括教科书、期刊文章、互联网材料和讲义。初步研究结果显示，尽管气候变化不符合传统的国家安全威胁模式，如战争、恐怖主义和叛乱，但其所具有的非暴力性和渐进性掩盖了其对公民、政治和社会经济生活的诸多影响。进一步的调查研究表明，气候变化政策和可持续的国内安全是相互补充的核心，因此，尼日利亚政府必须同时努力实现这两个目标。随着气候政策的采纳、认识和实施，可以将该国的不安全程度降低到适度水平。调查结果还显示，尼日利亚政府似乎有有效的气候变化制度来处理安全问题，但问题归结于制度的执行，这极大地影响了尼日利亚安全机构维持其国内法律和社会秩序的能力，故而未来不能仅通过武力手段来维护内部安全，而应重视和强调对气候协议的严格执行。
整理 | 石瑞君
排版、审核 | 寇韵楳、薛榆淞



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