7 | Turkish Studies 土耳其研究

院校资讯君

Turkish Studies
Volume 24 Issue 5
土耳其研究 第24卷第5期
本期目录
1.
Debating voter defection in Turkey
关于土耳其选民叛逃的辩论
2.
Military might: A domestic economy explanation of Turkish foreign policy
军事力量：土耳其外交政策的国内经济解释
3.
An “alternative” imagination of national identity in Turkey: The blue Anatolianists’ perception of culture, civilization, and the west
土耳其民族认同的“另类”想象：蓝色安纳托利亚主义者对文化、文明和西方世界的看法
4.
Turkey’s security role in the Gulf Region: Exploring the case of a newcomer
土耳其在海湾地区的安全角色：一个新加入者的探索
5.
Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa under the AKP: An empirical analysis
正义与发展党领导下的土耳其在中东和北非的外交政策：一项实证分析
6.
Only game in town? The persistence of competitive authoritarian regimes in modern Turkey
只是城市游戏？现代土耳其持续存在的竞争性独裁政权
7.
The anti-gender movement in Turkey: An analysis of its reciprocal aspects
对土耳其反性别运动相互关系的分析
8.
Rediscovering Turkish Jewish heritage: The Club as a teaching moment in Turkey
重新发现土耳其的犹太传统：电视剧“The Club”对公众的观念塑造
部分文章摘要
01
Military might: A domestic economy explanation of Turkish foreign policy
Abstract: Turkish foreign policy has taken a military turn in recent years. Turkey is now a major arms exporter, it hosts military bases in its neighborhood and beyond, and has engaged in conflicts in Syria and Libya. Scholars have highlighted identity and international system theories to explain the military assertiveness in Turkish foreign policy. This study proposes a domestic economy explanation. It argues that national wealth, a take-off in defence industry, and an alliance of conservative bourgeoisie and political Islamists are the primary drivers of the military turn in foreign policy. Analysis of Turkish economic development and historical trajectories of economic and bureaucratic wings of the defence industry shows that complex business-politics interactions and commercial interests of defence companies propel military assertiveness. This domestic economy framework supplements insights from the identity and international system theories to significantly add to our understanding of the military turn in Turkish foreign policy.

摘要：近年来，土耳其的外交政策与军事的关联更为紧密。目前，土耳其已经成为一个主要的武器出口国，且在邻国及周边地区设有军事基地，并参与了叙利亚和利比亚的武装冲突。学者们强调，应基于身份和国际体系理论来解释土耳其在其外交政策中所展现出的军事自信，而本研究对此提出了一种源于国内经济的解释路径，即国家财富、国防工业的腾飞以及保守资产阶级与政治伊斯兰主义者间的联盟构成了土耳其外交政策转向军事的主要驱动因素。对土耳其经济发展和国防工业经济和官僚部门历史轨迹的分析表明，复杂的商业政治互动和国防公司的商业利益推动了其军事自信。这种国内经济框架补充了关于身份和国际体系理论的见解，显著增加了我们对土耳其外交政策军事转向的理解。
02
Only game in town? The persistence of competitive authoritarian regimes in modern Turkey
Abstract：Why do so many regimes remain competitive authoritarian? This article argues that institutional path dependence explains the persistence of competitive authoritarian regimes in which electoral competition exists, but is unfair. The weakness of institutions regulating free and fair interparty competition, like multi-candidate elections, a constitution and statutes safeguarding fundamental rights, and intraparty competition, like intraparty democracy, is path-dependent and self-reinforcing. In settings where competition is partly free and fair, ruling elites have an incentive to combine democratic and undemocratic laws and policies to defeat counterelites and neutralize intraparty competitors. The likely long-term outcome is a vicious cycle of limited democratization, competitive authoritarian regime formation, and competitive authoritarian regime consolidation. I assess the argument by tracing the historical trajectory of reforms on constitutionalism, civil liberties, and multi-candidate competition in post-1950 Turkey, where the limits on interparty and intraparty competition have been reproduced in remarkable historical continuity.

摘要：为什么这么多政权仍然是竞争性的威权主义?本文认为，制度路径依赖解释了为何在选举竞争存在的情况下，不公平的竞争性专制政权为何仍然能够持续存在。管理自由和公平的党间竞争的制度，如多候选人选举，保障基本权利的宪法和法规，以及党内竞争，如党内民主，都是路径依赖和自我强化的。在竞争是部分自由和公平的环境中，统治精英有动机将民主和非民主的法律和政策结合起来，旨在能以击败反对派和压制党内竞争对手。由此可能导致的一个长期结果是，一个有限民主化、竞争性威权政权形成和竞争性威权政权巩固的恶性循环。文章通过追溯1950年后土耳其宪政、公民自由和多候选人竞争改革的历史轨迹来评估这一论点，而这主要是因为对党派间和党内竞争的限制在这些领域显著的历史连续性中得到了再现。
03
Rediscovering Turkish Jewish heritage: The Club as a teaching moment in Turkey
Abstract: Turkish Jewish culture is largely unknown within Turkey due to various reasons, including demographic and historical factors. Negative stereotypes about Jews in Turkish film and television have further contributed to this lack of understanding. The ground-breaking television series, The Club, produced for Netflix, showcases Turkish Jews as its main characters and highlights their Sephardic heritage. We believe that media plays an important role in educating the public and shaping perceptions. To explore this, we conducted thirty in-depth, semi-structured interviews using the snowball method to investigate the impact of the series on the audience’s knowledge of Turkish Jews. Our findings suggest that The Club has helped raise awareness about Turkish Jews, Sephardic culture, and Judaism among the research sample, as it presents a non-stereotypical portrayal of its Jewish characters.

摘要：由于包括人口和历史因素在内的诸多原因，土耳其的犹太文化在很大程度上并不为人所知，土耳其影视剧中对犹太人的负面刻板印象进一步加剧了这种缺乏了解。这部为Netflix制作的开创性电视连续剧“俱乐部（The Club）”以土耳其犹太人为主角，突出了他们的西班牙系血统。文章认为，媒体在教育公众和塑造观念方面发挥着重要作用。为了探讨这一点，作者使用滚雪球法进行了30次深入的半结构化访谈，以调查该连续剧对观众了解土耳其犹太人的影响。研究结果表明，“俱乐部（The Club）”帮助提高了研究样本人群对土耳其犹太人、西班牙系文化和犹太教的认识，因为它呈现了对犹太人物的非刻板印象。
整理 | 薛榆淞
排版、审核 | 寇韵楳、薛榆淞



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