1 | Australian Economic Review 澳大利亚经济评论

院校资讯君

Australian Economic Review
Volume 56 Issue 4
澳大利亚经济评论 第56卷第4期
本期目录
1.
How productive are economics and finance PhDs?
经济学和金融学博士的生产力如何？
2.
The economic consequences of Mr Trump and Mr Biden
特朗普政府和拜登政府的经济影响
3.
Evaluating policy impact: Working out what works
评估政策影响：找出行之有效的方法
4.
Labour mobility with vocational skill: Australian demand and pacific supply
具有职业技能的劳动力流动：澳大利亚的需求和太平洋地区的供给
5.
Can pre-recorded evidence raise conviction rates in cases of domestic violence?
预先记录的证据能提高家庭暴力案件的定罪率吗？
6.
Gender gaps in unpaid domestic and care work: Putting the pandemic in (a life course) perspective
无偿家务和护理工作中的性别差距：将大流行病置于（生命历程）视角
7.
Redefining parent s unpaid labour: Distinguishing errands from housework for targeted mental health policy
重新定义父母的无偿劳动：为制定有针对性的心理健康政策区分杂务和家务
8.
Division of household labour and fertility outcomes among dual-income Australian couples
澳大利亚双收入夫妇的家庭劳动分工和生育结果
9.
Distributional comparisons using the Gini Inequality Measure
使用基尼不等式测量法进行分布比较
部分文章摘要
01
How productive are economics and finance PhDs?
Abstract: This article analyses the research productivity of more than 200 individuals in academe with a PhD in economics and finance from (mostly) Australian universities. We find the number of publications accumulates linearly with experience, while citations increase exponentially, pointing to network effects. Panel regressions indicate: (1) the key role of experience in determining research outcomes; (2) the usual quadratic approach substantially under-estimates the role of diminishing returns to experience; (3) the university where an individual works is mostly unimportant for publications and citations. ‘Prime academic age’, when research has maximum impact, is attained about 11 years after the PhD.

摘要：本文分析了200多名（主要来自）澳大利亚大学经济学和金融学博士的研究生产力。研究发现，其发表论文的数量随着经验的积累呈线性增长，而引文量则呈指数增长，这表明存在网络效应。面板回归结果表明：（1）经验在决定研究成果方面起到关键作用；（2）通常的二次方法大大低估了经验回报递减的作用；（3）个人所在的大学对论文发表和引文量并不重要。“黄金学术年龄” 也即研究产生最大影响的时间，大约在获得博士学位后11年。
02
Labour mobility with vocational skill: Australian demand and pacific supply
Abstract：Can new channels for mid-skill labour mobility simultaneously enhance the welfare of Australia and the Pacific Region? Answering this question requires forecasting Australian demand for vocationally-skilled migrants over the next generation, and the potential for Pacific supply of those migrants. We project demand for such mid-skill migrants over the next three decades by combining data on trends in the demand for basic tasks with data on trends in native investment in education commensurate with those tasks. We estimate that the Australian economy growing at historical rates through the year 2050 will demand approximately 1.6–2.1 million foreign workers with Technical and Vocational Education and Training. A large share of these could be supplied from the Pacific Islands with sufficient investment in training, with direct cooperation from Australian employers, and targeted access to the Australian labour market.

摘要：新出现的有关中等技能劳动力流动的渠道能否同时提高澳大利亚和太平洋地区的福利？回答该问题需要预测澳大利亚对下一代职业技能移民的需求，以及太平洋地区对于该类移民的供应潜力。本文通过将基本任务需求趋势数据与和前述任务相称的本地教育投资趋势数据相结合，预测未来30年对此类中等技能移民的需求。本文估计，到2050年，澳大利亚经济速度增长将出现历史新高，需要约160万至210万受过技术和职业教育和培训的外国工人。其中很大一部分可以由太平洋地区供给，与澳大利亚雇主直接合作，在培训方面投入足够的投资，并有针对性地进入澳大利亚劳动力市场。
03
Can pre-recorded evidence raise conviction rates in cases of domestic violence?
Abstract: This paper explores the association between pre-recorded evidence and court outcomes in cases of domestic violence. Net of controls and time fixed effects, we find that cases with pre-recorded evidence are 3.4 percentage points more likely to result in a conviction. This increase occurs through three channels: a 5.6 percentage point increase in the probability of a conviction among (the one in four) cases that proceed to a defended hearing; a 2.4 percentage point increase in the probability of a guilty plea; and, a 2.4 percentage point decrease in the probability that the prosecution withdraws their case.

摘要：本文探讨了家庭暴力案件中预先记录的证据与法判决之间的联系。剔除控制因素和时间固定的影响，研究发现，有预先记录证据的案件被法院定罪的可能性要高出3.4%。这种增加通过三个渠道实现：进入辩护听证的案件（每四个案件中就有一个）中，定罪的概率增加了5.6%；认罪的概率增加了2.4%；控方撤诉的概率降低了2.4%。
04
Division of household labour and fertility outcomes among dual-income Australian couples
Abstract: Gender revolution theories of fertility posit that when employed women have extensive child care and household responsibilities, they opt to reduce family size. This study examines how household gender inequality influences decisions to have children. Several possible mediators, including wellbeing, relationship quality, and changes in desired family size, are examined. Results from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey show that household inequality reduces the likelihood of third births when both parents work full-time. This is mediated by relationship satisfaction: when men contribute more to household labour, their partners are more satisfied, which is associated with increased fertility.

摘要：生育率的性别革命理论认为，当就业妇女需要承担大量的育儿和家务责任时，她们会选择缩小家庭规模。本研究探讨了家庭性别不平等如何影响生育决定。研究考察了几个可能的影响因素，包括幸福感、夫妻关系质量和理想家庭规模的变化。澳大利亚家庭、收入和劳动力动态调查（HILDA）的结果显示，当父母双方都从事全职工作时，家庭不平等会降低生育第三胎的可能，这是通过关系满意度来调节的：当男性为家务劳动做出更多贡献时，他们的伴侣会更满意，这将提高生育率。
整理、排版 | 寇韵楳
审核 | 寇韵楳、薛榆淞



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